Emulsiones aceite/agua, características principales y comportamientos
Palabras clave:
Comportamiento de la emulsión, tamaño de la gota, inversión de fase, reología de emulsiones, fluidos no newtonianos, caída de presiónResumen
Esta revisión presenta los principales factores de influencia en el comportamiento de emulsiones aceite/agua; entre los cuales, los más importantes son: la temperatura, el porcentaje de agua y la concentración de especies surfactantes; debido a los cambios producidos en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y la morfología de las emulsiones. Los fenómenos de agregación y solvatación cambian las características de las emulsiones debido a los diferentes modos de interacción entre la fase dispersa y la continua. Algunas ecuaciones para corregir la viscosidad de crudos y otras para reproducir la viscosidad de una mezcla son presentadas aquí, resaltando su aplicabilidad y su rango de uso. El efecto piezoviscoso es una herramienta para estimar viscosidad de emulsiones a altas presiones, a partir de datos a presión atmosférica. Una explicación detallada del punto de inversión de fase, los cambios en la morfología y su influencia sobre las propiedades de las emulsiones es presentado aquí. El mecanismo de ocurrencia del deslizamiento en la pared y como sus componentes y la química superficial influencian su ocurrencia en las emulsiones es explicado. El Comportamiento central de emulsiones a través de tuberías y lechos porosos haciendo énfasis en la fase dispersa es descrito en esta revisión, junto con, de acuerdo con la literatura citada, algunas de las mejores ecuaciones para la estimación de la caída de presión en el flujo de emulsiones.
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