Factores que afectan la resistencia a la compresión de las probetas de concreto. Una revisión
Palabras clave:
Resistencia a la compresión, núcleo, probeta normalizada, factor de correcciónResumen
La resistencia a la compresión del concreto es el principal parámetro utilizado para medir la calidad de este material, la cual se cuantifica por medio de ensayos a probetas cilíndricas o cúbicas elaboradas al momento del vaciado, o núcleos extraídos directamente del elemento estructural ya endurecido. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar los diferentes factores que deben ser considerados al momento de interpretar los resultados de resistencia obtenidos a partir de las probetas ensayadas (núcleos, cilindros o cubos), con la finalidad de establecer factores de corrección que permitan aminorar el efecto de dichos factores. El estudio de estos factores se realizó a partir de la revisión de distintos trabajos elaborados por investigadores del área técnico-científica, donde se encontró que los núcleos extraídos del elemento son comúnmente utilizados al momento de evaluar la resistencia “in situ” del concreto, pero son las más susceptibles al efecto de factores como la operación de perforación, el tamaño de la probeta, la relación de esbeltez y las características de los agregados. Igualmente, en este trabajo se demostró que existe una diferencia entre los núcleos extraídos y las probetas normalizadas elaboradas en sitio, para lo cual los investigadores plantean factores de corrección.
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